(NEW) Hebrews 1:10-12 is usually seen as a decisive declaration about the preexistence of Jesus. Set within a series of contrasts between the Son and the angels, it quotes a passage from Psalm 102 that originally identified the Father as ... Read More

(NEW) The book of Revelation describes several heavenly throne room scenes in which we find worshippers singing hymns of praise that involve Jesus. Who do these worshippers think Jesus is in relation to God? What kind of worship do they ... Read More

In John 20:28, Thomas beheld the resurrected Christ and famously exclaimed: “My Lord and my God!” One way to interpret this statement is to assume that Thomas was applying both titles to Jesus. Trinitarian Christian apologists naturally choose this option, ... Read More

Who are the mysterious “seven spirits of God” that appear in the book of Revelation? In our previous article, we examined the chain of custody for John's visions and found evidence indicating that the seven spirits are ... Read More

The enigmatic "seven spirits of God" mentioned in Revelation 1:4, 3:1, 4:5, and 5:6 have long been a mystery to theologians. Are they angels? The Holy Spirit? Could they even be both? We aren't told explicitly, but ... Read More

The Gospel of John is thought to contain the strongest evidence for the traditional view that Jesus Christ is the second member of a Triune God. From John's famous prologue to the declaration of doubting Thomas, there certainly appears to ... Read More

In Romans 10:13, Paul reaches the summit of his discourse on salvation by quoting Joel 2:32: “For, ‘everyone who calls upon the name of the Lord will be saved.'" He is no doubt aware that the divine name YHWH appears ... Read More

Modern Christians owe a debt of gratitude to the early church. Her legacy of courage under persecution stands to this day as a bold testimony of faith. However, this legacy tends to overshadow the devastating impact of false teachers who ... Read More

The famous Philippians 2 hymn known as the Carmen Christi is one of the earliest creedal statements in Christianity. Believers throughout the history of the church have echoed Paul's climactic Philippians 2:11 confession ... Read More

In Deuteronomy 6:4, the passage that famously established Judaism as a monotheistic religion, Israel’s God Yahweh (YHWH) identifies himself as “One God.” In Malachi 2:10, this “One God” Yahweh is specifically identified as the Father ... Read More

The traditional reading of John 1:1-14 can be traced back to the works of the fiery second century apologist Justin Martyr (150 AD). Justin took the passage to mean that Jesus pre-existed his birth as the creator of the heavens ... Read More

The baptismal formula in Matthew 28:19 is often thought to be obvious evidence of God's triune nature. In this passage, Jesus commissions his apostles to baptize people "in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the ... Read More